PUC-RS Verão 2014

INSTRUCTION: Read texts 1 and 2 and the statements about them to solve question.

TEXT 1

Differences of floral resource use between honey bees and wild bees in an intensive farming system

Bees provide an essential pollination service for crops
and wild plants. However, substantial declines in bee
populations and diversity have been observed in Europe
and North America for the past 50 years, partly due to the
[5] loss of natural habitats and reduction of plant diversity
resulting from agricultural intensification. To mitigate
the negative effects of agricultural intensification, agri-

environmental schemes (AES) have been proposed to
sustain bees and other pollinators in agrosystems. AES
[10] include the preservation of semi-natural habitats such as
grasslands, fallows, woodlots, hedgerows or set-aside
field margins. However, empirical evidence suggests that
the use of those semi-natural habitats by bees may vary
greatly among bee functional groups and may further
[15] be influenced by the presence of alternative foraging
habitats such as mass-flowering crops. The present study
sets out to investigate whether the three bee groups
typically targeted by AES (honey bees, bumble bees
and other wild bees) differ in the way they use those
[20] semi-natural habitats relative to common mass-flowering
crops (oilseed rape, sunflower, alfalfa) in an intensive
agricultural farming system. A clear segregation pattern in
the use of floral resources appeared between honey bees
and wild bees, with the former being tightly associated
[25] with mass-flowering crops and the latter with semi-natural
habitats. Bumble bees had an intermediate strategy and
behaved as habitat generalists. Therefore, it would be
sensible to treat the three bee groups with distinct AES
management strategies, and to further consider potential
[30] effects on AES efficiency of alternative foraging habitats in
the surrounding. This study also stresses the importance
of native floral resources, particularly in semi-natural
herbaceous habitats, for sustaining wild bee populations.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678809. Acesso em set 2013.

TEXT 2

Eight rules for walks in the country Posted by Tom Cox

  “It’s quite an up and down kind of walk,” said my friend
Emma. “Oh,” added Emma, “and it gets a bit blowy up there,
so I’d leave your credit card back here if I were you.” I gave
her a searching look, wondering how a credit card might
[5] relate to a strong wind. “I took mine up there the other week
and it blew out of my hand into the sea,” she clarified. “I had
to order a new one.”
  I fell in love with walking because it lifted my spirit
and took me to parts of my local area that I would never
[10] have _________ otherwise, but also because there was
something brilliantly ridiculous about the idea of _________
yourself, on a whim, alone, in a bit of countryside you’d never
_________ before, with no real goal apart from putting one
foot in front of the other.
[15]   I’ve never really dressed in any walking-specific clothing
or taken any special supplies out with me, but I do think
there are a few things I’ve learned about “how to walk” in
gentle terrain that might help others. I have compiled some
of the main ones: always be assertive in saying “Hello!”
[20] to fellow walkers, unless in a built-up area; learn to
fold your map properly; show strange dogs and cows
who is boss; don’t be afraid of dictaphones*; try not to
have a beard, but if you do have a beard, have a dog as
well; try to avoid headwear, unless strictly necessary;
[25] choose an apt soundtrack for your walk; watch out for
fookwits and loonies!
  This last one doesn’t apply specifically to country walks.
It’s just something that my dad tells me every time I see him,
and it’s worked fairly well as a general rule for life over the
[30] years, so it probably works for walking as well.
*voice recorders

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/ 2013/sep/11/eight-rules-country-walks

I. O texto 1 apresenta uma pesquisa realizada com diferentes espécies de abelhas domésticas.

II. O texto 2 apresenta a análise de uma experiência realizada por membros de uma mesma família.

III. O texto 1 descreve diferentes comportamentos, e o texto 2 apresenta sugestões inusitadas.

IV. Os dois textos propõem medidas preventivas com base em situações ocorridas no passado.

The correct statement(s) is/are