UEL 2014

Angelina Jolie’s cancer decision highlights row over genetic technology

Concerns that firms’ rights to hold patents on genes linked to breast cancer is increasing cost of testing for disease

Before the end of next month the US supreme court will issue a landmark decision in a case brought against the biotech firm Myriad Genetics, which is based in Utah, by the Association for Molecular Pathology. The firm owns a patent on the BRCA1 gene, which Jolie carries and which is believed to carry a high risk of causing breast cancer. It also owns a patent on the similar BRCA2 gene. It means that Myriad has the exclusive right to develop diagnostic tests for those genes – a fact that has implications for other firms, who thus might be prevented from developing innovations in the field. 

It also has some serious money business implications: in the wake of Jolie’s announcement, Myriad’s share price increased. That has worried some commentators. In a New York Times column describing her decision, Jolie recognised she was lucky to be rich enough to easily afford to take the test for the culpable genes.

Some have complained that the long court battle over Myriad’s patents has kept the price of the tests too high and have asked whether patents actually sacrifice patients’ interests in favour of protecting corporate profits. “How many more women – and men – might have been able over the past four years to afford BRCA1 or BRCA2 testing in the absence of those protective patents?” wrote Andrew Cohen in Atlantic magazine.

The issue of patents and genetic technology is one of growing importance as a flood of companies enter the booming sector and scientific advances permit more and more advanced genetic manipulation. So far the supreme court has shown a disposition to associate with big business. Earlier this month it ruled in favour of agricultural firm Monsanto in defence of a patent it holds on soy beans that dominate the US farming sector. 

(Adaptado de: . Acesso em: 19 maio 2013.)

Com base no texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.

I. Os laboratórios Myriad Genetics têm subornado a justiça americana para continuar com o direito exclusivo sobre os testes genéticos.

II. Os entraves legais com relação às patentes têm diminuído o interesse dos laboratórios por tecnologia genética.

III. A demora da justiça em cancelar as patentes sobre os testes com os genes BRCA1 e BRCA2 pode prejudicar muitas pessoas.

IV. Se os exames para detectar os genes causadores de câncer fossem mais baratos, mais pessoas poderiam ter acesso a eles.

Assinale a alternativa correta